Health Effects of Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials can damage the natural ecosystem, including the human population.
The table shown below lists as examples the sources and effects of a few common hazards.
All of the effects have been statistically verified on humans.
| Hazardous Material /
Uses, Where Found |
Known Effects |
2,4D
(dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid)
>1,500 type of
pesticides including broadleaf
herbicides, weed'n feed |
nervous system damage |
Malathion
insecticide, mosquito spray |
damage to nervous, neurological, and respiratory systems, death |
Arsenic
wood preservative, mining
byproduct |
gastro-intestinal damage,
skin damage, death |
Lead
(formerly) leaded gas, lead
pipes, tobacco smoke, batteries |
damage to nervous,
neurological and gastro-intestinal systems, death |
Mercury
fish, lamps, dental
fillings, thermometers |
damage to nervous,
neurological and gastro-intestinal systems, death |
Cadmium
burning of fossil fuels,
tobacco smoke, mining byproduct, batteries |
damage to gastro-intestinal
and respiratory systems, death |
Toluene
gasoline, paints,
adhesives, cleaning agents, tobacco smoke, some plastics |
damage to nervous and
neurological systems, death |
Scientists distinguish between two processes in how a particular chemical acts in the environment:
- Bioaccumulation — the increase in concentration of a pollutant from the environment to the first organism in a food chain
- Biomagnification — the increase in concentration of a pollutant from one link in a food chain to another
Together these phenomena mean that even small concentrations of chemicals in the environment can find
their way into organisms in high enough dosages to cause problems. DDT is the classic example.
Extreme concentrations of DDT in animals at the top of the food chain (and the corresponding health effects)
led to its being banned in most industrialized countries.
Another area of concern is hormone disrupting chemicals. Most, though not all, of the hormone disrupting
chemicals involve chlorine. These have been linked to breast cancer, lower sperm counts, early female
puberty and other reproductive abnormalities. These and similar concerns have led governments to target
chlorine containing compounds for minimization and elimination programs.
Even if we know that a particular chemical has specific effects at certain concentrations, it is not possible
to know what happens when that chemical is combined with other materials in the environment.
How does a spray program for mosquitoes affect someone on a smoggy day? What if that person also lives
close to a contaminated site or is exposed to other chemicals at work?
The potential for us to be exposed to a variety of hazardous substances grows with the variety of new
compounds being invented. Each of these in isolation may have little or no effect on us, but their cumulative
consequences could be quite different.
"Ecosystems are not only more complex than we think, but more complex than we can think."
— Frank Egler, 1977
(Source: September 2000 WasteWatch)
StatsCan to Test 5,000 People for Toxins
Statistics Canada will test the blood and urine of 5,000 Canadians, ages 6 to 79, so the government can for the first time chart the chemicals that pollute our bodies. The federal government's first large-scale survey mirrors similar efforts in the United States that have found that virtually the entire population carries a complex burden of pollutants in their tissues. The blood and urine will be subjected to a battery of expensive tests that will check for 70 metals and chemicals, including DDT, the once widely-used insecticide that has been banned for decades.
(Source: Recycling Council of Ontario in February 2007 WasteWatch)
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